The Host-pathogen Interactions of H. pylori in the stomach
Question:
Due to the physiological conditions of the stomach, it was surprising to discover that bacteria such as H. pylori can colonize the stomach. Describe the virulence factors the bacteria use to establish colonization in the stomach. Describe the immune response the human host develops against H. pylori infection. Then, provide 3 examples of how the bacteria evade the host's immune response.
Response:
The stomach is a mascular organ involved in digestion and storing food in the gastrointestinal tract. When the stomach receives food, it contracts and produces acids and enzymes that break down food before they are passed to the small intestine. The organ's physiological condition is designed to chemically break down the food by means of enzymes and hydrochloric acid. The acidic condition of the stomach also makes it hard for bacteria to establish colonization in the digestive organ. However, it was surprising to discover that bacteria such as H. pylori can colonize the stomach despite the physiological conditions of the stomach. The discussion will provide insights to show the complex relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and humans in nature.
The successful colonization of a host mainly characterizes the success of the life cycle of opportunistic pathogens such as bacteria. According to Aggarwal et al. (2023), bacterial adaptation through incompletely defined genetic and population changes.....
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Referenced work:
Aggarwal, S. D., Lees, J. A., Jacobs, N. T., Bee, G. C., Abruzzo, A. R., & Weiser, J. N. (2023). BLPC-mediated selfish program leads to rapid loss of streptococcus pneumoniae clonal diversity during infection. Cell Host & Microbe, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.015
Baj, J., Forma, A., Sitarz, M., Portincasa, P., Garruti, G., Krasowska, D., & Maciejewski, R. (2020). Helicobacter pylori virulence factors—mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity in the gastric microenvironment. Cells, 10(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10010027
Gupta, N., Maurya, S., Verma, H., & Verma, V. K. (2019). Unraveling the factors and mechanism involved in persistence: Host‐pathogen interactions in helicobacter pylori. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 120(11), 18572–18587. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29201
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